Bang-Bang clock and data recovery (BBCDR) circuits are hard nonlinear systems due to the nonlinearity introduced by the binary phase detector (BPD). The specification of the CDR frequency response is determined by JITTER tolerance and JITTER transfer. In this paper, JITTER transfer and JITTER tolerance of the second-order BBCDR are characterized by formulating the time domain waveforms. As a result, a new equation is presented to obtain corner frequency. Also, the JITTER tolerance is expressed in closed form as a function of loop parameters. The proposed method is general enough to be used for designing BBCDR. The analysis is verified using behavioral simulations in MATLAB. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the result obtained by analytical equations.

Background: Parkinson’, s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder caused by decreasing dopamine in the brain. Speech is one of the first functions that are disrupted. Accordingly, speech features are a promising indicator in PD diagnosis for telemedicine applications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Parkinson’, s disease on a minimal set of JITTER and Shimmer voice indicators and studying the difference between male and female speech features in noisy/noiseless environments. Materials and Methods: Our data includes 47 samples from nursing homes and neurology clinics, with 23 patients and 24 healthy individuals. The optimal feature for each category is studied separately for the men’, s and women’, s samples. The focus here is on the phonation in which the vowel/a/is expressed by the participants. The main features, including JITTER and Shimmer perturbations, are extracted. To find an optimal pair under both noisy and noiseless circumstance, we use the Relief feature selection strategy. Results: This research shows that the JITTER feature for men and women with Parkinson’, s is 21 and 33. 4, respectively. While the Shimmer feature is 0. 1 and 0. 06. In addition, by using these two features alone, we reach a correct diagnosis rate of 79% and 81% for noisy and noiseless states, respectively. Conclusion: The PD effects on the speech features can be accurately identified. Evaluating the extracted features suggests that the absolute value of the selected feature in men with PD is higher than for healthy ones. Whereas, in the case of women, this is the opposite.

Marangoni convection experiments have been conducted with 5 cSt silicone oil liquid bridges to investigate the effect of random g-JITTER on the transition from steady to oscillatory convection at various aspect ratios in a half floating zone. A liquid bridge of 5 cSt silicone oil was suspended between two circular-coaxial disks both 7 mm in diameter and placed on a moving table which produced random g-JITTER in all three directions. The g-JITTER produced by the table was less than 12 mg simulating the g-JITTER in the spacecraft enviroment. The effect of g-JITTER was studied on critical temperature difference for different aspect ratios. It was concluded that g-JITTER does not change the critical temperature difference in a half floating zone.

In this paper, a 16-phases 20 MHz to 110MHz low JITTER delay locked loop, DLL, is proposed in a 0.35 mm CMOS process. A sensitive open loop phase detector, PD, is introduced based on a novel idea to simply detect small phase differences between reference clock and generated delayed signals. High sensitivity, besides the simplicity reduces the dead zone of PD and gives a better JITTER on output generated clock signals, consequently. A new strategy of common mode setting is utilized on differential delay elements which no longer introduce extra parasitics on output nodes and brings the duty cycle of generated clock signals near to 50 percent. Also, small amplitude differential clock is carefully transferred inside the circuit to considerably suppress the noise effect of supply voltage. Post-Layout simulation results confirm the RMS JITTER of less than 6.7 ps at 20 MHz and 2 ps at 100 MHz input clock frequency when the 3.3 Volts supply voltage is subject to 75 mVolts peak-to-peak noise disturbances. Total power consumption reaches from 7.5 mW to 16.5mW when the operating frequency increases from 20MHz to 100MHz. The proposed low-JITTER DLL can be implemented in small active area, around 380 mm × 210 mm including the clock generation circuit, which is proper to be repeatedly used inside the chip.

In this research article, we investigated the weakly non-linear effect of gravity modulation for the temperature dependent viscous fluid in a horizontal porous layer in the presence of internal heat source. We use power series expansion in terms of the amplitude of gravity modulation, which is considered to be small for double-diffusive convection in porous media. We graphically show the effect of internal heat source, solute Rayleigh number, Lewis number, Vadá sz number, thermo-rheological parameter, the amplitude of gravity modulation, the frequency of modulation on the heat and mass transfer using Ginzburg-Landau equation. The effect of gravity modulation is found significant and is more effective for the low values of frequency of modulation.